Crusader Expedition

    Under pressure of danger which is detrimental to the Islamic world, such as the disintegration of the Islamic state and the Muslims who are fighting for power and killing each other, the Islamic world is also attacked

    from the West and East. From the West, the European Crusades carried out their attacks many times. The cause of the Crusaders was to attack the actions of the Buwaih Dynasty. From the East, the Mongolian army, the Tartars, succeeded in conquering Islamic lands between two rivers and continuing to move towards Iran, Iraq and Asia Minor. They last entered Syria, then threatened Egypt. The Ayyubid dynasty and afterwards, the Mameluk dynasty, successfully defended the Crusaders' attack during the Hithin and Ain Jalut War.

    Crusade

The Crusades lasted for two hundred years

and divided into seven expeditions.

 

    First cross expedition

The first expedition was launched by many parties who were not organized and united. The majority of these troops came from France because the call came from a Pope of French nationality. That is why the Muslims called the Crusaders French troops, namely troops of French nationality. That force

led by several commanders from France. They took the troops by land, passing Constantinople. In the Anadhul area, they met with the Roman Seljuq Dynasty.

They succeeded in wiping out the majority of the Seljuqs, then proceeded to the border of East Anadhul and Syria. After that, the Crusaders were divided into three parts. The first

headed east and occupied the city of Raha in 492 Hijri and founded the Crusaders under the leadership of Baldwin I.

    The second part is heading south and entering Syrian territory

coast of the Mediterranean Sea and occupied Antakia in 492 and founded the Crus Dynasty under the leadership of Bohemond II. They

then move towards Baitul Maqdis, occupy it in 493

Hijri / 1099 AD, and surrounded it closely. The power of the Fathimiyah Dynasty was unable to rival the Crusaders. They surrender. The holy city was entered by Christians on July 15

1099 AD. They carried out a massacre of the inhabitants of the holy city consisting of orthodox Muslims, Jews and Christians. Historians admit that the actions of the Crusaders were terrible.

    German woman historian said in her book about the Crusades, "The massacres carried out by the Crusaders

when controlling the city of Al-Quds is one of the greatest crimes in history. In the holy city, the Crusaders founded the Crusaders under the leadership of Governor Laoren Godfrey. In 1100 AD,

he surrounded the city of Akka, was hit by an arrow and killed. He was replaced by his brother, Baldwin. 

Second cross expedition

In 539 Hijri / 1144 AD, Imaduddin Zanki, ruler of Mosul, attacked the city of Raha to seize him from the Crusaders. Therefore, Christians made a second expedition under the leadership of the German King Konrat III and the French King Luis IX. However, they returned empty-handed and failed to take Damascus after besieging it.

Third cross expedition

In 583 Hijri / 1188 AD, An-Nashir Saladin al-Ayubi attacked Baitul Maqdis to seize it from the hands of the Crusaders after the Hitin War. Then, there was a third Crusaders expedition under the leadership of Frederick Barbaros I, King of Germany, Philip Agust, King of France, and Richard "Lion Heart", King of England. Frederick by road and through Constantinople to Anadhul. However, the king sank as he crossed the Cilicia River

so the army was in disarray. Meanwhile, Philip Agust returned to France after falling ill. King Richard finally made a peace treaty with Saladin al-Ayubi.

The fourth cross expedition

In 598 Hijri / 1202 AD, the Crusade was carried out under the leadership of several French governors, including Baldwin IX

(Governor of Flanders), Tabu III (Governor of Sambani), Luis (Governor of Balo), and many more. The aim of their attack was Egypt. The governor's governor entered into an agreement with the gun owners that they would be moved to Alexandria. When Saladin al-Ayyubim learned of the agreement, he also provided more facilities to the gun owners so that the leaders of the Cross moved to Constantinople. They controlled the city and founded the Latiniyah Dynasty and appointed Baldwin IX as king. The king then announced the flow

Catholic. The dynasty stood until the year 658 Hijri / 1260 AD and did not reach the goal of the Crusaders.

The fifth cross expedition

This expedition took place in 615 Hijri / 1219 AD under the leadership of Jan De Barman, King Baitul Maqdis. They moved towards Egypt, then took control of the city of Dimyat, but were later taken back by the Egyptian population and expelled them from Egypt.

The sixth cross expedition

This expedition was prepared by King Frederick II of Germany. He brought his troops in 625 Hijri / 1228 AD to Syria by sea. The King of Egypt, Al-Kamil, asked King Frederick for help in taking Damascus from the hands of his brother, King Isa. The condition is that Raja Al-Kamil surrenders Baitul Maqdis to Frederick. Frederick and his army arrived at Akka when King Isa had died and was succeeded by his son, King Al-Manshur Dawud. Dawud then made peace with his uncle, King Al-Kamil, and handed Damascus to the uncle. Al-Kamil replaced Damascus with Sharkhad, Syaubik and Karak. With this handover, Frederick was entitled to receive wages, namely control of Al-Quds. He entered the holy city and declared himself the ruler, then returned to his home country. Thus, the Cross expedition that he led ended without war.

The seventh cross expedition

This expedition was sponsored by the King of France, named Louis IX, whose title was Lauraah with the saints. Louis IX brought his army moving to Egypt. He argues that usurped

Baitul Maqdis through Egypt is easier than taking it from Syria. Louis IX mobilized his naval forces to Egypt in 646 Hijri / 1249 AD and succeeded in occupying the city of Dimyat. He

then headed for Al-Manshurah to surround him.

However, in the battle that took place between Louis IX and the population of Egypt at the end of the period of King Saleh Najmuddin Ayyub and his wife Syajarah Durr, the French king was instead captured and the Egyptians won the battle. In fact, several commander of the expedition also captured. Then, Louis IX was released after giving a large ransom. After this seventh expedition, the Crusading expedition to Syria stopped. However, the Crusaders still occupied parts of Syria's territory and fortifications until the arrival of the Mameluk Dynasty navy. Malik adh-Dhahir Bebrass al-Bandaqari and afterwards, King Qalawun, together with his troops managed to drive the Crusaders from Syria. Syria gained independence from the Crusaders after being controlled for more than two hundred years.

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Situs-situs internet

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