History of snouck hurgronje

History of snouck hurgronje

a.Biografhy

  Snouuck Hurgronje (1857-1936) is a Dutch scientist who until now still cause controversial. On the one hand, however, Snouck Hurgronje must be acknowledged as the actor and historical recorder who has made the most valuable contribution in understanding the twists and turns of Dutch Indies government politics in Indonesia. On the other hand, people to this day still berate Snouck for having made fun of Islam for Dutch Colonial political interests in Indonesia including in Aceh.

That's why Snouck Hurgronje is considered the source of the conflicts of understanding of Islam in Indonesia. To unveil our discourse about who is actually Dr. Christian Snouck Hurgronje, whether he as a devotee of Dutch political interests of his day, as well as a cleric on behalf of Sheikh Abdoel Ghafar. Or as an expert scientist about Islam (Islamology) in the perspective of Islam and as a scientist in academic perspective, or as a historian and his role while he was in Aceh.

From some of the notes I got, Snouck Hurgronje was awake in Oosterhout on February 8, 1857 and in Leiden June 15, 1936. He grew up amid a family of highly conventional and orthodox Protestant ministers. Snouck studied at Leiden whose neighborhood was already very liberal. At that time the science of comparative religion and comparison of the history of religion developed in Europe is strongly influenced by the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin, which is a cultural theory, which is the European culture and Christianity is the culmination of the process of world cultural development.

Because of that influence, Islam is regarded as a form of cultural degeneration which by Christians in Leiden (where Snouck studied) is considered the "Lord's ruler" for all the sins of the Christians. That is, religion and culture in their sense is superior to the emerging cultural religion in the Eastern world (oriental). The theory and conception by van Koningsveld (Snouck biographer) is very fond of Snouck's attitude to Islam.

By legend, when Snouck was a student in Leiden, in a statement in 1876, as quoted van Koningsveld, Snouck said: "We must help the natives (for the nation of Islam)." Since then, Snouck's attitude and perception in Islamic thought is not far removed from his views and attitudes.

For, for Snouck, Islam is a force that must be studied seriously, and must be treated wisely by the Dutch Colonial. So it is not surprising, if during the Arab Snouck work hard to demand the science of Islam. Almost all the tafsir books such as Tafsir al-Baidhawi, Tafsir al-Bajuri, Al-Ikna 'and Tuhfah books were studied earnestly and profoundly by Snouck, especially after Snouck moved to Mecca from Jeddah in the second six months to his arrival to Arabia.

 

During his stay in Mecca, Snouck mingled with the local great scholars, until he returned to Holland in 1885. Three years after Snouck returned to his country, he managed to publish two volumes of books with the title Mecca. When the book was circulated, Snouck Hurgronje's name was famous all over the world. The book is considered very important for the purposes of colonial politics in the world. Served in Aceh

Mecca has not only inspired the birth of the two books written by Snouck, but Mecca has also made Snouck Hurgronje the beginning of his understanding of Aceh. While in Mecca, Snouck had a close relationship with an Acehnese scholar named Habib Abdurrahman Az-Zahir. This cleric is a former advisor to the Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Alaiddin Mahmudsyah (1870-1874 AD). However, due to doubtful integrity as an intermediary in the relationship between the Sultan of Aceh with the Dutch, Habib Abdulrahman was fired by the Sultan of Aceh. But the Dutch government gave Habib Abdurrahman a pension to live and stay in Mecca.

From the base of his understanding of Aceh in Mecca, when Snouck learned of the war in Aceh against the Dutch, Snouck offered to the Dutch Ministry of Colonies for him to be assigned to Aceh. So in 1889, Snouck got his first chance in Batavia (Jakarta now). Governor-General C Picnaeker Hordijk in Batavia at that time appointed Snouck to be the Official Adviser of Eastern Language and Islamic Law for the Government of the Netherlands East Indies.

In 1893 Snouck was assigned to Aceh with his main duty to draw up his suggestions on the completion of the Aceh war with the Dutch. The first time Snouck lived in Aceh was at Ulee Lheue as the headquarters of the Dutch military. It is in Ulee Lheue that Snouck passively compiles his first report on Atjeh Verslag, Aceh as the report on which the Dutch policy and the military policy of dealing with AcehAccording to van Koningsveld, the first part of Snouck's report on Aceh is a description of the anthropology of Acehnese society, the influence of Islam as the basis of Acehnese beliefs, as well as the role of ulama and Uleebalang in Acehnese society. In the report Snouck also described that the Aceh war was waged by the 'ulama, while Uleebalang according to Snouck could be invited to be a candidate of the Dutch allies, because his interest was trade.

Snouck also writes that Islam for the people of Aceh must also be judged negatively, as Islam can evoke anti-Dutch fanaticism among the people of Aceh. Therefore, the religious leaders in the Acehnese society should be crushed so that the influence of Islam becomes thin in Aceh. Thus the Uleebalang according to Snouck will easily be invited to ally with the Dutch.

One failure of the Dutch government in Aceh, according to Snouck is the result of the absence of Dutch knowledge of Aceh as an Islamic region. That is why, while

 Snouck served in Aceh, in addition to studying the character of his society anthropologically (Acehnese customs and culture), he also studied the books of Acehnese ulema. Among the books of Umdatu al-Muhtajin written by Sheikh Abdul Rauf Syiah Kuala, as a book that is considered Snouck is very influential for the development of the Syatariyah Order in Aceh.

As one of the leading orientalist figures. The figure of Snouck Hurgronje has become a controversial figure. For the Dutch he is a hero while for Muslims especially the people of Aceh he is a wolf in sheep's clothing. This can not be separated from the success of Snouck Hurgronje in causing the split among Muslims in Sumatra, which, the strength of Muslims at the time was very strong and feared by the Dutch colonists.

Snouk Hurgronje or Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936) was born on February 8, 1857 in Tholen, Oosterhout, The Netherlands. Like his great father, grandfather, and great-grandfather who became a Protestant minister, Snouck was already a child of theology. After graduating from high school, he went to Leiden University for Arabic Theology and Literature, 1875. Five years later, he graduated cum laude with a Het Mekaansche Feest (Mecca Celebration) dissertation. Not quite proud of his Arabic ab

ility, Snouck then went on to advertise to Mecca, 1884. In Mecca his hospitality and intellectual instinct made the clerics reluctant to guide him. And to gain the hearts of the Mecca clerics, Snouck embraced Islam and renamed Abdul Ghaffar .

Snouck started his teaching activities at Leiden and Delf at the Indonesian Candidate School. With the death of A.W.T. Joynboll in 1887, Snouck was assigned to turn his position in Delf, but Snouck prefers to teach the field of Islamic law at the University of Leiden.

In 1889, he set foot on the island of Java, and began researching Islamic institutions in the Indies native communities, especially Aceh. After Aceh was occupied by the Dutch, 1905, Snouck received an extraordinary award. His wandering ended in 1906 and returned to the Netherlands. In 1910, in Holland, he married Ida Maria, the daughter of a retired clergyman in Zutphan, Dr. AJ Gort. After being inaugurated as professor of the University of Leiden in 1907 (three years after marriage), he pursued the profession as an advisor to the Minister of Colonies Affairs. This work was carried out until the end of his life, 16 July 1Work Results Snouck's scientific work is divided into two types: works in the form of books and in the form of small papers.

    B.Thought Snouck About Islam

Snouck argues that the Qur'an is not a revelation from Allah, but is Muhammad's work that contains the teachings of religion. At that time, comparative religious scholars and historians of comparison were deeply influenced by Darwin's "Evolution" theory. This brings with it special consequences in the theory of civilization among Western scholars, that European and Christian civilization is the culmination of world civilization.

Meanwhile, Islam who came later, according to them, is an attempt to break the development of this civilization. For the Christians, this fact is considered a punishment for their sins. In summary, European religion and civilization is higher and better than Eastern religion and civilization. The theory of civilization has a profound effect on Snouck's next attitude and thought.

Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje is the founding character of the policy of "Politiek Islam" which is the policy line of "Inlandsch politiek" run by the colonial government of Belnda against Indies natives. The concept of the policy strategy that Snouck creates is softer than that of other orientalist policy strategists, but its impact on Muslims continues prolonged even sustained to date.

Based on the concept of Snouck, the Dutch colonial government could end the resistance of the people of Aceh and dampen the emergence of turbulences in the Dutch East Indies led by Muslims. Snouck's thinking-based on his knowledge and experience-has become the basic foundation of the doctrine that "the enemy of colonialism is not Islam as Religion, but Islam as a Political Doctrine."

In his letter to Van der Maaten (June 29, 1933), Snouck said that he mixed with the Acehnese who fled to Penang.